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The Central Bank of Iraq (CBI) ((アラビア語:البنك المركزي العراقي)) is the central bank of Iraq. ==History== After World War I, Iraq's monetary system was administered by the British Mandate of Mesopotamia until 1931, when the Iraq Currency Board was established in London to issue the new Iraqi dinar and maintain its reserves. The Iraq Currency Board pursued a "conservative monetary policy, maintaining very high reserves behind the dinar", which was "further strengthened by its link to the British pound". In 1949, the currency board was replaced by the National Bank of Iraq, which had been founded two years before on November 16, 1947. The National Bank of Iraq became the Central Bank of Iraq in 1956.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.cbi.iq/index.php?pid=History )〕 Since switching over to its own central bank, the Iraqi monetary system was "replete with mismanagement, coercive stop-gap measures, and the production of an unstable, unreliable currency which ha() not been tradable on the international market for () years". Saddam Hussein wielded monetary and the dinar as "a powerful instrument of repression". In March 2003, on several occasions beginning on March 18, the day before United States forces entered Baghdad, nearly US$1 billion was stolen from the Central Bank of Iraq. This is considered the largest bank heist in history.〔()〕 That month, a handwritten note signed by Saddam Hussein surfaced, ordering $920 million to be withdrawn and given to his son Qusay Hussein. Bank officials state that Qusay and another unidentified man oversaw the cash, boxes of $100 bills secured with stamped seal known as security money, being loaded into trucks and trailers during a five-hour operation.〔(Papers show Saddam snatched $1bn from bank a day before invasion )", ''The Telegraph''.〕 Qusay Hussein was later killed by the U.S. military in a battle. After the 2003 invasion of Iraq and Saddam Hussein's downfall, the Central Bank of Iraq was established as Iraq's independent central bank by the Central Bank of Iraq Law 2004, with authorised capital of 100 billion dinars.〔(Central Bank of Iraq Law ), Section 2, Article 5.1〕 According to the law, 100% of the bank's capital stock would be held by the State and would not be transferable.〔(Central Bank of Iraq Law ), Section 2, Article 5.2〕 The Constitution of Iraq states that the central bank is a financially and administratively independent institution, responsible before the Council of Representatives of Iraq.〔Constitution of Iraq, Section 3, Chapter 4, Article 103〕 According to the Constitution, the Federal government of Iraq has the "exclusive authority" of "establishing and administering a central bank".〔Constitution of Iraq, Section 3, Chapter 4, Article 110〕 On January 25, 2011, the Supreme Court of Iraq ruled that the Central Bank of Iraq should be under supervision of the Council of Ministers of Iraq. Then Central Bank chief Sinan Al Shabibi warned that the ruling would threaten the institution's requisite independence. Currently the acting Governor of the Central Bank of Iraq is Abdel Basset Turki, which also happens to be the head of the state-spending watchdog the Board of Supreme Audit. In June 2014, Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) militants looted the Central Bank in Mosul, absconding with over $429 million USD.〔 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Central Bank of Iraq」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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